Applying medication on the skin is a common medical treatment that avoids making an injection into the body. However, transdermal drug delivery is very challenging as the drug must pass through many layers of skin. A team led by Ai-Ho Liao, professor, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), has engaged in the research of using microbubbles for transdermal drug delivery. It is also working with a team from the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Tri-Service General Hospital, led by Professor Chih-Hung Wang, National Defense Medical Center, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, and a group of dermatologists from Tri-Service General Hospital and researchers from the Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center to apply the research results to therapeutic uses. Liao's team is in talks with leading medical and pharmaceutical supply firm Johnson & Johnson about a collaboration deal through assistance from the Taiwan Tech Global Research & Industry Alliance (Taiwan Tech GLORIA) project.According to Liao, in clinical applications, microbubble contrast agents are injected intravenously to enhance the contrast of ultrasound imaging. Furthermore, different degrees of microbubble oscillation due to distinct acoustic fields can elicit various degrees of cavitation. Inertial cavitation can enhance the permeability in the surrounding tissues, increase vessel wall permeability, and promote drug entry from blood into cytosol or matrix, whereas stable cavitation can slightly increase tissue permeability without causing any harm.Making use of ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation, a group of Canadian researchers combined focused ultrasound (FUS) with intravenously injected microbubble contrast agents to successfully increase blood-brain barrier permeability and enable effective chemotherapy drug delivery to brain tumors in 2015. Liao's team converted the microbubble contrast agent for non-intravenous drug delivery using ultrasound combined with various devices.Microbubbles can be encapsulated in albumin, lipid or polymer shells, said Liao. Her team explored the use of liquid or gel-type microbubbles at a specific concentration and diameter combined with wound dressing and microarray chips for ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery by way of spreading or spraying on the skin. It enhances transdermal absorption of drugs or skin care ingredients and therefore can be used to raise the efficacy in drug delivery for treatment of hair loss, joint pain, surgical wound and inner-ear infections. Leveraging ultrasound energy, the general-purpose microbubble device Liao's team has developed can also promote the effects of skin care products. Ultrasound energy has been widely used in industrial and manufacturing applications, manifest in a wealth of different forms and devices. The combined use of non-injected microbubbles and ultrasound energy allows the cavitation effects to be controlled and increased, thus bringing enhanced benefits in application.The NTUST team's microbubble composite medical material currently targets three main uses, including enhancing the transdermal delivery efficacy of medication or ingredients, building experimental models for inner-ear drug delivery and gene transfer, and studying the pharmacokinetics when administering microbubble-coated anti-cancer or chemotherapy drugs to a targeted diseased area so as to reduce dosage and adverse effects. In particular, the team is the world's first to use ultrasound-mediated microbubbles to facilitate the delivery of drugs to the inner ear and has won a National Innovation Award for its achievements.Such achievements would not have been possible without full commitment but this also means they have very little time and resource for product promotion. That is the reason why Liao's team chose to participate in the Taiwan Tech GLORIA project in 2018. Through Taiwan Tech GLORIA's assistance, the team is able to increase visibility and was thus invited to a video conference with the US-based firm Johnson & Johnson in 2019 to discuss promotion for the team's technologies and products. Participation in Taiwan Tech GLORIA also enabled the team to exhibit its research results at Taiwan Healthcare+ and gain access to information and opportunities of overseas training for its members.Taiwan Tech GLORIA's matchmaking efforts brought the NTUST Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering team's research achievements to light for the industry to see. Going forward, the team will keep strengthening its research work. Liao plans to establish a startup firm to commercialize the team's research results while expanding them to a more diverse range of applications.Ai-Ho Liao (third from right in right row) and Chih-Hung Wang (third from front in middle row), and their reseach teamPhoto: Ai-Ho Liao

The US has been mounting pressure on its allies over its trade ban on Huawei, which has in turn been shaking the IT supply chain. The world's top pure-play foundry TSMC, with Huawei being one of its major clients, reportedly is moving to reduce its reliance on the Chinese tech giant. But TSMC's clients should be rest assured that the foundry house will be able to maintain smooth operations despite the coronavirus outbreak in China, which is home to only a small portion of its capacity. Most other ICT and semiconductor firms that have heavily relied on production in China are having difficulties resuming normal production. Among them are suppliers of CIS and chip resistors, which are running out of supply, with prices set to go up. SSD retail prices in China are also rising unexpectedly, as channel distributors are now reluctant to sell amid concerns of supply chain disruptions.TSMC cuts chip capacity support for Huawei, say sources: TSMC has started reducing its chip capacity support for Huawei, but is still working closely with the China-based vendor in the development for advanced 5nm and 3nm chip solutions, according to industry sources.CIS, chip resistor shortages emerging: The coronavirus outbreak in China has further tightened supply of CMOS image sensors (CIS) and chip resistors, with severe shortages set to surface and price hikes to follow, according to industry sources.SSD retail prices rally in China beyond expectation: SSD retail prices in China have been rising unexpectedly, as channel distributors have become reluctant to sell amid worries about possible supply chain disruptions caused by the coronavirus outbreak, according to industry sources.

OmniEyes has developed a car fleet management solution through AI-based analysis of real-time video, according company co-founder and CEO Chou Chun-ting.By virtue of machine vision and edge computing, the solution can analyze real-time video recorded by cloud computing AI-enabled cameras installed on cars to automatically detect dangerous driving behavior - such as running the red light, not yielding or stopping at stop signs, violating no-turn or no-entry regulation and illegal parking - and then send warnings, Chou explained.As conventional GPS car tracking devices are unable to reflect real road conditions and GPS positioning may slightly deviate from actual locations arising from traffic interferences, OmniEyes' solution can make up for the deficiency, Chou indicated.Express delivery service provider Taiwan Pelican Express has adopted the solution to minimize driver risks and optimize logistics performance, Chou said, adding taxi service provider Taiwan Taxi and public bus operator Metropolitan Transport have also adopted the solution.OmniEyes co-founder and CEO Chou Chun-tingPhoto: Yihan Li, Digitimes, February 2020

Playing a vital role in global power electronics technology development, Taiwan hosts six of the world's top 10 power supply manufacturers. The impressive achievement is attributable to active devotion on the part of leading enterprises. More than that, the Center for Power Electronic Technologies, led by Huang-Jen Chiu, professor, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), has always been a strong technological support for the Taiwan industry. Also serving as the dean of the university's Office of Industry-academia Collaboration, Chiu enrolled his team in the Taiwan Tech Global Research & Industry Alliance (Taiwan Tech GLORIA) project in hopes of fostering talented R&D engineers much needed by the industry through joint development efforts with outstanding domestic and international firms.The Center for Power Electronic Technologies is among the first few research centers NTUST founded. The team comprising about 200 graduate students not only outperforms the rest of the university's research groups in other fields in terms of team size and technological strength but is also on a par with world-leading academic groups in terms of research scale and abilities. According to Chiu, power electronics technologies have wide-ranging uses, encompassing national infrastructure and personal electronics. Taiwan has built up competitive advantages in this field with six of the world's top ten power supply manufacturers based in the country. Among them, the world's No. 1 power supply company Delta Electronics produces 45% of the power solutions for laptops around the globe with NTUST making critical contributions. Delta Electronics plans to invest NT$30 million (US$1 million) over a three-year period beginning in 2020 to establish a joint research center with NTUST to help enhance the Taiwan industry's competitiveness.NTUST's Center for Power Electronic Technologies continues to strengthen its ability to put research achievements to practical use through close industry-academia collaborations. Chiu noted that NTUST makes sure there is no gap between academic education and industry requirements and NTUST graduates mostly work in a field related to their major. More than 600 graduates have completed their advanced degrees with the Power Electronics Lab of the center and they make up a strong workforce leading industry development and research. Aside from incubating talent to meet industry needs, NTUST can also provide global resources in line with partner firms' worldwide strategies to enable win-win situations. For example, many Taiwan-based power supply companies have recruited skilled professionals at their offices abroad through help from NTUST' affiliated schools to help them realize their localization goals.Further to talent incubation and academia-industry collaboration, NTUST's Center for Power Electronic Technologies also catches industry attention with its ability to develop cutting-edge technologies. Chiu highlighted that the lab stays ahead of the industry in research while keeping industry needs in mind. It is working on high power wireless charging that has become the center of industry attention. The industry has been developing wireless charging for years but commercialized wireless charging products are generally low power solutions currently used in consumer electronics. High power charging is challenging and leading research institutions are still working on it. NTUST's high power wireless charging technology is aimed at providing a convenient, safe and efficient solution targeting electric bikes, motorcycles and cars as well as automatic guided vehicles (AGV). Chiu is particularly optimistic toward the application of AGV. As manufacturers relocate production bases in response to the US-China trade war, new factories are likely to make use of automation systems. With AGV playing an important role in smart manufacturing and AGV technologies continuing to advance in recent years, wireless charging will be among the new features in AGVs.Having long supported industry development, NTUST's Center for Power Electronic Technologies already engages in close collaborations with firms in Taiwan. Its participation in the Taiwan Tech GLORIA project in 2018 will help introduce partnership opportunities with international industry and academic communities. According to Chiu, NTUST has been devoted to promoting joint industry-academia development and talent incubation but has delegated the work to individual research teams. After the participation in the Taiwan Tech GLORIA project, the alliance will take over the work to match research teams with suitable third-party firms and help them gain exposure at exhibitions and events. Going forward, NTUST will continue to operate on the collaboration model wherein each party is dedicated to tasks it specializes in. This will benefit both the industry and the academia as NTUST endeavors to educate first-rate talent and develop cutting-edge technology.Huang-Jen Chiu, professor, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, NTUSTPhoto: Huang-Jen Chiu

Apple has warned of iPhone supply constraints due to the coronavirus outbreak. And the iPhone is not the only Apple device whose production is being disrupted by the epidemic, as manufacturers are unlikely to start volume production as scheduled in early second-quarter 2020 for a new entry-level version of the AirPods Pro. One of the reasons for the production delays is components shortages. For consumer notebook makers, PCB supply is falling short. The outbreak has also been chilling domestic demand in China, and the local PC DIY market is bracing for a 50% or more plunge in motherboard and graphics cards sales in the first quarter.Production of entry-level AirPods Pro devices may be delayed, say sources: Production of an entry-level version of Apple's AirPods Pro now looks unable to kick off in early second-quarter 2020 as planned due to the coronavirus outbreak, according to sources from supply chain makers.Consumer notebook PCB supply falling short: PCB supply for notebooks, especially consumer models, has become tight as production at many small and medium-sized Chinese makers is being hard hit by the coronavirus outbreak, posing risks of shipment disruptions to major ODMs, according to industry sources.Mobo, graphics card sales in China to halve in 1Q20: Motherboard and graphics card sales in China are expected to plunge 50% or more in the first quarter of 2020, according to sources at local channel distributors, who also expressed pessimism about the sales outlook for the second quarter.

Taiwan-based startup Cloud Wine Index Technology (Winedex) aims to set up an international wine/liquor index trading center in Taiwan, according to company co-founder and CEO Ban Lin.Winedex hopes to combine its wine/liquor trading platform with community economy through using digital technologies and a smart mechanism to put together wineries, distillers, sales agents as well as consumers, collectors and traders of wine/liquor, Lin indicated.Winedex in 2014 launched Cloudtop Index, a cloud computing-based platform for O2O sales and auctions of wine/liquor, and has since accumulated a large volume of trading data, a basis for it to move further in business operation, Lin said.To create value from the trading data, Winedex has used blockchain technology to make wine/liquor traceable in production and made AI-based analysis of trading records to recommend the best matches between willing buyers and sellers, Lin noted.Winedex plans to combine the trading data with an app based on a concept of social media + Internet celebrity to facilitate wine/liquor gourmets to make App-based interactions and/or participate in online activities such as viewing of wineries, distillers and auction, Lin indicated, adding that live video streaming, AR/VR content, images and texts can be put on the app to enhance consumers' stickiness.

Global smartphone shipments are expected to reach 1.278 billion units in 2020, including less than 200 million units of 5G models, taking into account the impacts of the coronavirus outbreak on China and around the world in terms of economic growth, Digitimes Research estimates.In the best-case scenario under which the virus is under control by the end of February and factory resumption rates keep rising, China's top-four handset brands are expected to see their smartphone shipments experience an annual fall of 19.5% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 11% projected in January.Although most assembly plants and supply chain makers of the leading brands have resumed operations leveraging inventories stockpiled prior to the Lunar New Year holiday, the capacity utilization rates of some key component makers such as those for camera lenses, chassis and touch modules currently reach about 20-40%, with a few at 50%.However, since only large-scale supply chain makers are currently running at lower capacities and a large number of small makers are awaiting approvals from local governments to restart facilities, the handset industry faces the mounting risks of supply chain disruption in March should any kind of components or materials run out of the stock.Digitimes Research believes that if the chilling smartphone demand in China turns out to be more severe than expected, the global smartphone market will tumble further in 2020.

Celebrating 60 years of progress in 2020, metallic glass technologies are widely used today in healthcare, biotechnology, manufacturing and aerospace industries as the material combines the strength, toughness and resilience of metal and glass. As opposed to other academic research teams mostly focusing on the study of material formulation, the team led by Jinn P Chu, vice president, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), is devoted to the development of metallic glass coating, with an aim to use it in the manufacturing of medical needles and semiconductor chips. Through assistance from the Taiwan Tech Global Research & Industry Alliance (Taiwan Tech GLORIA) project, the NTUST team showcased their achievements at exhibitions held in Philadelphia and Germany in 2019 and began a partnership with an Israeli firm.According to Chu, after years of research, the challenges in the complex metallic glass production process leading to the problem of low yield have been overcome, allowing the material to be used in wide-ranging application scenarios. For example, iron cores in inverters have been replaced by metallic glass, which reduces the conversion loss to just one-sixth. The aerospace industry also makes use of metallic glass for its strength to produce aircraft components. The use of metallic glass will keep expanding to other sectors.Having engaged in metallic glass research for years, Chu leads one of the world's very few teams dedicated to metallic glass coating. The vacuum coating process achieves a less-than 200nm thickness. Furthermore, the team was the first to discover that the low resistance property of metallic glass allows it to be anti-stick when coming in contact with other materials. Teflon coating, which provides an ideal anti-stick effect, is now generally used to make non-stick surfaces but there are concerns that Teflon may be toxic and the coating may easily flake off. The use of metallic glass can eliminate these concerns and therefore is suitable for medical purposes.The use of metallic glass coating for medical purposes focuses on syringe needles. Coating needles with metallic glass reduces the pain associated with needle insertion as this prevents the needle from sticking with skin tissues. The technology has been transferred to an American dental equipment manufacturer to produce anesthetic needles, which are now under FDA review. The metallic glass coating can also be applied on hair implanter needles for repeated use. The research was published and recognized with an award at an international symposium in 2018. It has also obtained Taiwan FDA approval on Class 1 medical devices.Aside from medical uses, metallic glass coating is also used in important semiconductor process equipment. For example, conductive silver paste is coated on semiconductor wires. To coat the fine semiconductor wires, the silver paste nozzle opening must be made very small. However, due to their larger size, silver paste particles can easily stick to the nozzle and clog the opening. Coating the nozzle with metallic glass prevents sticking, ensures free flow of silver paste and therefore eliminates production halt due to clogged nozzles.Another use of metallic glass in semiconductor manufacturing is for wafer dicing. At present, dice are separated from a semiconductor wafer by mechanical sawing or laser cutting. Diamond blade cutting remains the mainstream as laser cutting is costly despite its precision. However, when the diamond blade cutter comes in contact with the wafer, resistance will cause cracks on the wafer, which will widen if the cutter keeps going. As such, manufacturers generally leave sufficient dicing margin to accommodate such cracks. Also, they make it a two-step process when making deeper cuts to avoid big cracks. It has been tested and proven that the diamond blade cutter, after being coated with metallic glass, will generate smaller cracks and the cracks will remain small even when making a deeper cut in one step. Using a diamond blade cutter with metallic glass coating will allow manufacturers to narrow the dicing margin and pack more die on a wafer, thereby raising production yield.Chu's team has been actively demonstrating its robust research achievements and diverse applications at exhibitions around the world after joining the Taiwan Tech GLORIA project in 2018. The team won the American Chemical Society Award at Nano Tech Japan in 2018 for its metallic glass nanotube array. Its showcase attracted industry attention at exhibitions held in Philadelphia and Germany in 2019 and led to a partnership opportunity with an Israeli firm. Chu noted the team has long focused on technology development and needs industry partners to help discover more applications for its research, and through participation in the Taiwan Tech GLORIA project, the NTUST team has rapidly gained visibility.Jinn P Chu, vice president, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST)Jinn P Chu and his team Photos: NTUST

Notebook ODMs have resumed their production in China, but face the possibility of a lack of components starting in March if their suppliers continue to be prevented from going to work by the coronavirus outbreak. Quanta Computer has started volume production at a new assembly plant in Taiwan to meet urgent needs from clients, but components shortages remain an issue. Now Digitimes Research estimates that global notebook shipments will fall 29-36% in first-quarter 2020, much steeper than previously thought.Notebook ODMs running out of components: Taiwanese notebook ODMs have already resumed assembly operations in China, but risks of supply chain disruptions in March are mounting, as inventories of many components will run out by end-February with many of their supporting suppliers still awaiting approvals from local governments to reopen their plants, according to industry sources.Quanta steps up notebook production in Taiwan amid outbreak: Taiwan notebook ODM Quanta Computer is reportedly moving to accelerate volume production at its new assembly lines in northern Taiwan to fulfill rush shipments to US brand vendors amid the coronavirus outbreak, according to industry sources.Global notebook shipments for 1Q20 to plunge 29-36% sequentially on epidemic, says Digitimes Research: Global notebook unit shipments for the first quarter of 2020 are estimated to experience a larger sequential fall of 29-36% than 17% projected earlier, as severe labor and components shortages and stagnant logistics arising from the coronavirus outbreak are derailing supply chain in China, which commands over 90% of global notebook production, according to Digitimes Research.

AI-based marketing solution developer AccuHit AI Technology Taiwan has raised NT$70 million (US$2.3 million) in pre series-A funding round, with the fund to be used to enhance R&D and expand scope of products and services, according to company co-founder and CEO Jason Lin.Tokio Marine Newa Insurance and National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) Angel Club are the two new venture capital investors in the funding round. Through the investment, Tokio Marine will apply AccuHit-developed AI-based marketing solutions to its insurance products, cooperate with AccuHit to create new business models and help AccuHit tap the Japan market, while NCTU Angel Club will help AccuHit set up an AI core R&D team to expand development of MarTech (marketing technology) services for business use.AccuHit was selected by Microsoft for Startups and PwC's Scale-up accelerator in 2019 and has technologically partnered with Microsoft Taiwan's AI Infinity program and LINE to help Taiwan-based enterprises in digital transformation business operation.With the goal of becoming the first Taiwan-based MarTech brand, AccuHit will cooperate with Microsoft Taiwan to promote AccuNix, its MarTech platform using Microsoft's Azure cloud computing and machine learning technologies, among enterprises.AccuHit adopts a double-barreled strategy for marketing its products and services: subscription-based use and project-based consulting, and has so far had nearly 100 clients of which 80% are on a subscription basis.AccuNix can help users track and identify customers' historical purchasing behavior and integrate such data, and AccuHit will offer a solution of analyzing such data, such as cluster analysis and prediction, for value-added application in first-quarter 2020.AccuHit plans to set up marketing bases in Japan and Singapore in 2021.AccuHit AI Technology Taiwan co-founder and CEO Jason LinPhoto: Company