Global attention is currently fixated on the humanoid robots unveiled by upstart automakers: Tesla's Optimus and BMW-backed Figure 02. Behind the scenes, two of the industry's most powerful incumbents, Toyota and Volkswagen, are charting a markedly different course. Rather than staging high-profile demonstrations, the giants are pursuing what amounts to a quiet, deeply rooted "invisible front" in robotics.
Roughly 20 automakers worldwide have now announced plans to enter the humanoid-robot arena—from Tesla and Germany's automotive trio of Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volkswagen to China's XPeng, BYD, and GAC—signaling a new industry consensus in the age of intelligent mobility.

